Background: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are exposed to demanding work environments characterized by long working hours, emotional stress, heavy workloads, and responsibility for critically ill patients. These occupational stressors increase the risk of anxiety, depression, burnout, and psychological distress, adversely affecting both healthcare workers and patient care.Objective: To assess the mental health status among healthcare professionals and identify occupational and personal factors associated with psychological distress.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 350 healthcare professionals working in a tertiary care teaching hospital between January and December 2025. Participants included physicians, nurses, laboratory personnel, pharmacists, and allied health professionals. Demographic characteristics, occupational factors, mental health screening scores, sleep quality, burnout, and coping strategies were analyzed. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using standardized screening questionnaires.Results: The mean age of participants was 33.4 ± 7.8 years, with females accounting for 58.0% of the study population. Moderate-to-severe anxiety was observed in 28.9% of participants, depressive symptoms in 24.6%, and burnout in 36.0%. Poor sleep quality was present in 41.4% of healthcare professionals. Long working hours, rotating night shifts, inadequate staffing, poor work-life balance, and previous mental health problems were independently associated with psychological distress.Conclusion: Mental health problems are common among healthcare professionals and are strongly associated with workplace stressors. Institutional mental health support programs, workload optimization, and early psychological interventions are essential to improve staff well-being and maintain high-quality patient care.