Objective: To determine the frequency of carriers of hepatitis B and C viruses among the obstetric and gyneacological patients. The incidence of vertical transmission and to ascertain the risk factors associated with their transmission. Place and duration:Gynaecology/Obstetrics Department, Ghulam Mohammad Mahar Medical College hospital Khairpur, over a 1- year period from January to December 2010. Study design: Prospective observational study. Methodology: During one year period the total Obstetrics and Gynaecological admission was 4938, comprising of an obstetrical patients of 4107 while 831 was gynaecology Surgery patients. The study population was recruited by simple convenient sampling. All patients were routinely screened by Enzyme Immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) and anti-hepatitis C (anti-HCV) on venous blood samples. Liver function and carrier profile tests were performed on mothers who were positive for HBsAg. Babies of mothers with HbsAg were tested at birth for both HbsAg and HbeAg. Results: Total Hepatitis B and C positive cases was 558 (11.3%).Hepatitis B virus was detected 250 (6%) in obstetrics and 85 (10%) in gynaecological patients. Hepatitis C virus was detected in 108 (2.6%) obstetric and 115 (13.8%) in gynaecological patients. Ten patients tested positive for both HBV and HCV infections. Babies born to mothers with HBV or HCV infections tested negative. Unsafe surgery, injections, sexual contact, and inadequately screened blood transfusion were the main underlying causes of infection. Conclusion: The seropositive for HBV and HCV among women not only at risk of having cirrhosis and liver cancer later on, but also are a continous threat to their offspring and care providers, so strategies need to be developed by the relevant authorties for creating awareness and to vaccinate them.