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Medical Channel Journal
2024, Volume 30, Issue 2 : 1-9
Research Article
Clinical Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Adults
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1
Department of Internal Medicine, Central Medical College, New Delhi, India
2
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Central Medical College, New Delhi, India
3
Department of Community Medicine, Central Medical College, New Delhi, India
4
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Central Medical College, New Delhi, India
Abstract

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains one of the leading causes of hospitalization and mortality among adults worldwide. Despite advances in antimicrobial therapy and supportive care, CAP continues to impose a significant clinical and economic burden, particularly among elderly individuals and patients with multiple comorbidities.Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, predictors of mortality, and hospital-related outcomes among adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 220 adult patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia over 18 months. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, radiological features, microbiological investigations, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and multivariate logistic regression.Results: The mean age was 58.9 ± 16.4 years, with males comprising 61.4% of participants. Hypertension (40.5%), diabetes mellitus (36.8%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (25.5%), and chronic kidney disease (12.3%) were common comorbidities. Fever (92.7%), cough (89.5%), dyspnea (74.1%), and sputum production (68.2%) were the predominant symptoms. ICU admission was required in 18.2% of patients, mechanical ventilation in 12.7%, septic shock developed in 9.5%, and overall in-hospital mortality was 8.6%. Independent predictors of mortality included advanced age, CURB-65 score ≥3, multilobar pneumonia, elevated serum lactate, and delayed initiation of antibiotics.Conclusion: Community-acquired pneumonia continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality among hospitalized adults. Early diagnosis, prompt antimicrobial therapy, severity assessment, and aggressive management of high-risk patients significantly improve clinical outcomes.

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